Clubs are aware that shipowners continue to encounter cargo misdeclarations, unreliable test certificates and cargo shift, or liquefaction discovered during or at the end of a voyage. Raw mineral ores, including but not limited to nickel ore, iron ore fines and bauxite, are of particular concern because of their composition, and are often mined in remote locations lacking advanced testing and regulatory oversight. Recently, growing global demand for resources is driving development of new mining activity. In some cases, this has translated to increased commercial pressure to ship low-grade material not suitable for export, and/or shippers or regulatory authorities and local surveyors lacking knowledge of the mandatory IMSBC testing and declaration obligations. In addition, global climate change is expected to increase the risk; wet seasons which contribute to the liquefaction process have become longer in certain high-risk areas, and storms, which can cause vessel instability and facilitate cargo failure, are increasing in frequency and intensity.